| Pebioctets per second (Pio/s) | Yobibits per second (Yibit/s) |
|---|---|
| 1 Pebioctet per second | 0.00000000745058059692 Yibit/s |
| 2 Pebioctets per second | 0.0000000149011611938 Yibit/s |
| 3 Pebioctets per second | 0.0000000223517417908 Yibit/s |
| 4 Pebioctets per second | 0.0000000298023223877 Yibit/s |
| 5 Pebioctets per second | 0.0000000372529029846 Yibit/s |
| 10 Pebioctets per second | 0.0000000745058059692 Yibit/s |
| 20 Pebioctets per second | 0.000000149011611938 Yibit/s |
| 25 Pebioctets per second | 0.000000186264514923 Yibit/s |
| 50 Pebioctets per second | 0.000000372529029846 Yibit/s |
| 100 Pebioctets per second | 0.000000745058059692 Yibit/s |
| Reference | Pebioctets per second (Pio/s) | Yobibits per second (Yibit/s) |
|---|---|---|
| A dial-up modem | 6.21725 × 10-12 Pio/s | 4.63221 × 10-20 Yibit/s |
| Typical home broadband | 0.0000000111022 Pio/s | 8.27181 × 10-17 Yibit/s |
| Gigabit Ethernet | 0.000000111022 Pio/s | 8.27181 × 10-16 Yibit/s |
| Streaming a 4K film | 0.00000000277556 Pio/s | 2.06795 × 10-17 Yibit/s |
The pebioctet per second is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,024 tebioctets per second, or two to the fiftieth power octets per second. Its symbol is Pio/s. It is the binary counterpart of the petaoctet per second, and the two differ by 12.6 per cent.
The rate exists only as a total. The aggregate memory bandwidth of a whole supercomputer, or the summed capacity of the network fabric joining its cabinets, reaches this range, and both are sums over tens of thousands of components, each of which moves a few hundred gibioctets per second on its own.
Whether such a total means anything depends on the calculation being run. A problem that divides so that each node works mostly on its own data can use the full aggregate. A problem where every node must constantly consult every other cannot, and the machine's effective bandwidth falls to what the slowest shared path allows. Most of the art of parallel programming lies in getting problems into the first category.
In octets a pebioctet per second is 1,125,899,906,842,624, and in decimal terms about 1.126 petaoctets per second. The 12.6 per cent difference is the accumulated effect of five multiplications by 1.024, and it is now large enough that no report can leave the convention unstated without introducing real uncertainty.
The unit also appears in descriptions of parallel filesystems at the largest facilities, where a storage system spread across tens of thousands of drives delivers a few pebioctets per second to a compute cluster. That number determines how quickly the machine can checkpoint its state, which in turn determines how much work is lost when a component fails — and in a machine of that size, something is always failing.
For a converter the requirement is simply that the arithmetic be exact and the label preserved. Multiplying by 1,024 five times is not difficult; silently substituting the decimal prefix is the error to avoid.
One pebioctet per second equals 1,024 tebioctets per second, 1,125,899,906,842,624 octets per second, or about 1.126 petaoctets per second.
The yobibit per second is a unit of data transfer rate equal to two to the eightieth power bits per second, which is 1,024 zebibits per second. Its symbol is Yibit/s. It is the largest binary transfer rate the International Electrotechnical Commission has named, and the binary counterpart of the yottabit per second.
At this final step the binary and decimal conventions differ by 20.9 per cent, and that number is the conclusion of the argument the IEC prefixes were created to settle. A naming habit that was 2.4 per cent wrong at the kibibit has grown, through eight successive multiplications by 1.024, into a discrepancy of more than a fifth. No measurement system can carry an ambiguity that large.
The unit describes nothing. Global internet traffic runs at roughly an exabit per second, so a yobibit per second is over a million times the total communication of the human species. No link, no aggregate and no forecast reaches it, and none is expected to.
The binary series stops here because the decimal series stopped at yotta when the IEC standard was written in 1998. When ronna and quetta were added to the metric system in 2022, no matching binary names were defined, so a rate of two to the ninetieth bits per second has no accepted short form. That gap will presumably be filled if it is ever needed, which at present it is not.
Defining a rung of a ladder nobody has climbed still has a purpose. A system whose names run out forces its users to improvise, and improvised extensions conflict; writing the whole series out in advance means the rule, rather than a table of exceptions, is all anyone has to learn. That is the same reasoning that gave the metric system its complete prefix set.
For any reader of technical material the lesson of the whole binary series is a single character. Kibit/s, Mibit/s, Gibit/s, Tibit/s, Pibit/s, Eibit/s, Zibit/s and Yibit/s are binary; kbit/s, Mbit/s, Gbit/s, Tbit/s, Pbit/s, Ebit/s, Zbit/s and Ybit/s are decimal; and the difference between them widens from a rounding error to a fifth as you climb.
One yobibit per second equals 1,024 zebibits per second, 151,115,727,451,828,646,838,272 octets per second, or about 1.209 yottabits per second.