| Megabits (Mbit) | Exbibits (Eibit) |
|---|---|
| 1 Megabit | 8.67361737988 × 10-13 Eibit |
| 2 Megabits | 1.73472347598 × 10-12 Eibit |
| 3 Megabits | 2.60208521397 × 10-12 Eibit |
| 4 Megabits | 3.46944695195 × 10-12 Eibit |
| 5 Megabits | 4.33680868994 × 10-12 Eibit |
| 10 Megabits | 8.67361737988 × 10-12 Eibit |
| 20 Megabits | 1.73472347598 × 10-11 Eibit |
| 25 Megabits | 2.16840434497 × 10-11 Eibit |
| 50 Megabits | 4.33680868994 × 10-11 Eibit |
| 100 Megabits | 8.67361737988 × 10-11 Eibit |
| Reference | Megabits (Mbit) | Exbibits (Eibit) |
|---|---|---|
| A plain text message (160 characters) | 0.00128 Mbit | 1.11022 × 10-15 Eibit |
| A three-minute MP3 | 24 Mbit | 2.08167 × 10-11 Eibit |
| A smartphone photo | 32 Mbit | 2.77556 × 10-11 Eibit |
| A high-definition film | 32000 Mbit | 0.0000000277556 Eibit |
| A dual-layer Blu-ray disc | 400000 Mbit | 0.000000346945 Eibit |
The megabit is a unit of digital information equal to one million bits. Its symbol is Mbit. It is the unit in which the speed of an internet connection is almost always advertised, which makes it one of the few data units that ordinary consumers encounter by name every time they choose a service.
A megabit is one million bits exactly, not 1,048,576. That distinction has practical consequences. A megabit holds 125,000 octets, which is 125 kilooctets, so a connection running at 100 megabits per second transfers about 12.5 megaoctets per second at best. A file listed as 500 megaoctets therefore takes a minimum of forty seconds, not the four the advertised number seems to promise.
That factor of eight is the reason so many people believe their connection is slower than they were sold. Nothing dishonest is happening: the industry quotes throughput in bits per second because that is what the physical layer actually carries, while file managers quote size in octets because that is how storage is organised. Both conventions are correct in their own domain, and the arithmetic between them is a division by eight.
Real throughput is lower still. Protocol headers, error correction and retransmission all consume capacity, and the usable share of a link is typically 90 to 95 per cent of its nominal rate. Wireless links lose more, because the medium is shared and interference forces retries. A connection advertised at 100 megabits per second commonly delivers 90 or so in practice, and less over a busy wireless network.
The numbers that define the eras are worth remembering. Early broadband offered 1 to 8 megabits per second, cable and fibre pushed that to 50 and 100, and gigabit services are now common in cities. High-definition video streaming needs roughly 5 megabits per second, ultra-high-definition roughly 25, and a video call between two 8, so a household's real requirement is usually far below what it buys.
In memory the megabit describes chip capacity. A 512-megabit memory chip holds 64 megaoctets, and several such chips make a module. Manufacturers count in bits because that is what the silicon holds; buyers count in octets because that is what the operating system reports.
One megabit equals 1,000,000 bits, 1,000 kilobits, 125 kilooctets, or about 0.9537 mebibits.
The exbibit is a unit of digital information equal to two to the sixtieth power bits, which is 1,024 pebibits. Its symbol is Eibit. It is the binary counterpart of the exabit, and the two now differ by 15.3 per cent.
Two to the sixtieth is a number with a particular importance in computing, because sixty is close to the sixty-four bits of a modern processor address. A 64-bit machine can address sixteen exbioctets of memory, and that figure — 16 EiB — is the theoretical ceiling of the entire architecture. It appears in processor manuals, in operating system documentation and in the specification of every 64-bit filesystem.
No machine comes close to using that range. Current processors implement only forty-eight or fifty-seven of those sixty-four address bits, because wiring the full width would cost silicon for an address space nobody can fill. The unused bits are reserved, and widening the implementation is a straightforward matter whenever memory sizes make it worthwhile, which is the point of having chosen sixty-four in the first place.
An exbibit is 144,115,188,075,855,872 octets, or 128 pebioctets. That is more storage than any single organisation holds, and comparable to the combined annual output of a large part of the storage industry. As with all the larger binary units, it describes limits and capacities in specifications rather than anything that has been built.
The unit is also where filesystem designers set their maximum sizes. Filesystems built around 64-bit block pointers naturally have limits at exact powers of two, and several widely deployed ones specify maximum volume sizes in exbioctets. Those numbers are not aspirations; they are the arithmetic consequence of the pointer width, and they will hold until the architecture changes.
Reading the symbol correctly matters here. Eibit is the exbibit; Ebit is the exabit; EB and EiB are the octet forms of each. In a document where a fifteen per cent difference is significant — and at this scale it always is — the presence or absence of the lowercase i carries the entire meaning.
One exbibit equals 1,024 pebibits, 144,115,188,075,855,872 octets, or about 1.153 exabits.