| Yottabits (Ybit) | Tebibits (Tibit) |
|---|---|
| 1 Yottabit | 909494701773 Tibit |
| 2 Yottabits | 1818989403546 Tibit |
| 3 Yottabits | 2728484105319 Tibit |
| 4 Yottabits | 3637978807092 Tibit |
| 5 Yottabits | 4547473508865 Tibit |
| 10 Yottabits | 9094947017729 Tibit |
| 20 Yottabits | 18189894035459 Tibit |
| 25 Yottabits | 22737367544323 Tibit |
| 50 Yottabits | 45474735088646 Tibit |
| 100 Yottabits | 90949470177293 Tibit |
| Reference | Yottabits (Ybit) | Tebibits (Tibit) |
|---|---|---|
| A plain text message (160 characters) | 1.28 × 10-21 Ybit | 0.00000000116415 Tibit |
| A three-minute MP3 | 2.4 × 10-17 Ybit | 0.0000218279 Tibit |
| A smartphone photo | 3.2 × 10-17 Ybit | 0.0000291038 Tibit |
| A high-definition film | 3.2 × 10-14 Ybit | 0.0291038 Tibit |
| A dual-layer Blu-ray disc | 4 × 10-13 Ybit | 0.363798 Tibit |
The yottabit is a unit of digital information equal to a thousand zettabits — a one followed by twenty-four zeros. Its symbol is Ybit. For thirty years it was the largest unit the metric system offered, and it describes a quantity of data that does not yet exist anywhere.
A yottabit is 125 zettaoctets. The total of all data held by humanity is currently estimated in the low hundreds of zettaoctets, so the world's entire stock of information is somewhere around one or two yottabits. It is the first data unit that is genuinely larger than the thing it might describe, which is what makes it interesting.
The prefix yotta was adopted in 1991 at the 19th General Conference on Weights and Measures, alongside zetta. The names were invented rather than derived: the Greek and Latin numerals had been used up by peta and exa, and the committee needed letters that were not already taken as unit symbols. Y and Z were among the few remaining, and the syllables were built around them.
For a long time the yotta prefix marked the top of the ladder, and it appeared mainly in speculation and in claims about intelligence agencies' storage plans that turned out to be exaggerated. Then in 2022 the General Conference added ronna and quetta above it, together with ronto and quecto below, because data quantities were rising fast enough that the top was in sight.
Reaching a yottaoctet of storage with current technology would be a physical undertaking. Even at the highest densities available, it would require hundreds of millions of the largest hard drives ever made, a power supply comparable to that of a small country, and a building programme lasting decades. The constraint is not the mathematics but the silicon and the electricity.
The unit is nevertheless properly defined and a converter must handle it, both because forecasts of future data growth are written in yottaoctets and because the metric system's rule is that every prefix applies to every unit. A quantity does not need to exist for its name to be well formed.
One yottabit equals 1,000 zettabits, 125 zettaoctets, or about 0.8272 yobibits.
The tebibit is a unit of digital information equal to 1,099,511,627,776 bits, which is 1,024 gibibits or two to the fortieth power. Its symbol is Tibit. It is the binary counterpart of the terabit, and the two now differ by 10 per cent, the point at which the distinction stops being pedantic and starts being financial.
That ten per cent is the reason the IEC prefixes exist. At the kibibit the discrepancy was 2.4 per cent and could be waved away; here it is a tenth of the quantity. In a contract for storage hardware, in a service agreement that guarantees capacity, or in a specification that a supplier must meet, a tenth is the difference between compliance and breach.
The unit's real home is flash memory, where dies are now made with capacities of one tebibit and above by stacking cell layers vertically. A modern flash die may hold a tebibit or two, and a package containing eight of them holds a teraoctet of raw capacity, from which spare blocks and management overhead are subtracted before anything reaches the user.
A tebibit is 137,438,953,472 octets, or 128 gibioctets. In practical terms it is the storage of a mid-range phone, or a couple of hours of uncompressed high-resolution video. The unit describes the raw material of storage devices rather than anything a person handles directly.
Filesystems also count in binary at this scale. A volume reported as 16 tebibytes by one tool and 17.6 terabytes by another is the same volume, and the difference is entirely in the base of the arithmetic. Anyone administering storage learns to check which convention a tool uses before comparing two numbers from different sources.
Correct notation is Tibit, with the capital T and lowercase i. It appears in flash memory datasheets, in filesystem documentation and in standards, and almost nowhere else. The presence of that lowercase i is the only reliable signal that a figure is binary, which is why careful technical writing uses it even when the difference seems small.
One tebibit equals 1,099,511,627,776 bits, 1,024 gibibits, 137,438,953,472 octets, or about 1.100 terabits.