Kilobit (kbit)

The kilobit is a unit of digital information equal to one thousand bits. Its symbol is kbit. The lowercase k matters: it marks the decimal kilo of the metric system, one thousand exactly, as distinct from the binary 1,024 that the capital K sometimes indicated in older computing usage.

That distinction was fought over for decades. Memory is built in powers of two, so a chip holding 1,024 bits was called a kilobit chip, and the name stuck even though the number was wrong by 2.4 per cent. Storage and transmission, meanwhile, always counted in true thousands. The IEC settled the matter in 1998 by naming the binary quantity a kibibit, leaving the kilobit to mean one thousand and nothing else.

For a sense of scale, a kilobit holds 125 octets, which is about 125 characters of unaccented text — roughly a long sentence, or the length of a short social-media post. A single low-resolution photograph is thousands of times larger. The kilobit is a unit for things that were once considered generous and are now considered trivially small.

Its historical home was the telephone modem. Dial-up connections were rated in kilobits per second, and the numbers marked the era precisely: 300 bits per second in the late 1970s, then 1.2, 2.4, 9.6, 14.4, 28.8 and finally 56 kilobits per second, the last of which pushed an ordinary voice line to its theoretical ceiling. Anyone who used the internet before broadband measured their experience in these numbers.

The kilobit survives in audio and video encoding, where bit rates are quoted in kilobits per second. Speech codecs used in telephony run from 8 to 64. Music encoded at 128 kilobits per second was the early standard for portable players, 192 and 256 are common now, and 320 is the practical ceiling for the older lossy formats. Video runs a decimal order higher, in megabits.

Memory chip capacities are still occasionally described in kilobits, particularly for small serial memories used in embedded devices, where a 64-kilobit part holds 8 kilooctets of configuration data. In those specifications the figure is usually the binary one, so the datasheet is worth reading carefully.

One kilobit equals 1,000 bits, 125 octets, or about 0.9766 kibibits.

Kilobit conversion table