| Light years (ly) | Decimeters (dm) |
|---|---|
| 1 Light year | 9.46073047258 × 1016 dm |
| 2 Light years | 1.89214609452 × 1017 dm |
| 3 Light years | 2.83821914177 × 1017 dm |
| 4 Light years | 3.78429218903 × 1017 dm |
| 5 Light years | 4.73036523629 × 1017 dm |
| 10 Light years | 9.46073047258 × 1017 dm |
| 20 Light years | 1.89214609452 × 1018 dm |
| 25 Light years | 2.36518261815 × 1018 dm |
| 50 Light years | 4.73036523629 × 1018 dm |
| 100 Light years | 9.46073047258 × 1018 dm |
| Reference | Light years (ly) | Decimeters (dm) |
|---|---|---|
| A sheet of A4 paper (long side) | 3.13929 × 10-17 ly | 2.97 dm |
| Average adult human height | 1.7969 × 10-16 ly | 17 dm |
| A football pitch (length) | 1.10985 × 10-14 ly | 1050 dm |
| A marathon | 4.46002 × 10-12 ly | 421950 dm |
| Height of Mount Everest | 9.3534 × 10-13 ly | 88490 dm |
The light year is the distance light travels in vacuum during one Julian year, equal to exactly 9,460,730,472,580,800 metres, or about 9.46 trillion kilometres. The symbol is ly.
It is a unit of distance, not of time, a point the name obscures and which causes persistent confusion. Its exactness follows from two defined quantities: the speed of light is fixed at 299,792,458 metres per second, and a Julian year is defined as exactly 365.25 days of 86,400 seconds. Multiplying the two gives a figure with no measurement uncertainty at all.
The unit's appeal is that it makes the finite speed of light explicit. Looking at an object twelve light years away means seeing it as it was twelve years ago, and this delay is not a curiosity but the basis of observational cosmology. The most distant galaxies observed lie billions of light years away, so telescopes are effectively instruments for looking into the past.
Nearby distances are modest by the standard of the unit. Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Sun, is 4.25 light years away. Sirius is 8.6. The centre of the Milky Way lies about 26,000 light years from Earth, and the galaxy spans roughly 100,000. The Andromeda Galaxy is some 2.5 million light years distant and is visible to the unaided eye from a dark site, which makes it the most remote object most people will ever see directly.
Professional astronomers generally prefer the parsec, which arises naturally from parallax measurement, and journals report distances in parsecs, kiloparsecs and megaparsecs. The light year dominates popular writing because it needs no explanation beyond the speed of light.
Related units follow the same principle at smaller scales. The light second, about 300,000 kilometres, is close to the Earth-Moon distance, and radio engineers use the light nanosecond, roughly 30 centimetres, when reasoning about signal propagation along a cable. The light minute and light hour occasionally appear in descriptions of the outer solar system.
One light year equals 63,241 astronomical units, about 0.3066 parsecs, or 9.4607 trillion kilometres.
The decimetre is one tenth of a metre, written dm. It is a legitimate SI-derived unit formed with the prefix deci, but it is among the least used members of the metric ladder. Most people move directly from centimetres to metres and skip the intermediate step entirely.
The reason is practical rather than technical. A length of 3 dm is more naturally expressed as 30 cm or 0.3 m, and neither alternative requires the reader to pause. Units survive when they answer a question no neighbouring unit answers as well, and the decimetre rarely does.
One derived form is a striking exception. The cubic decimetre, dm3, is exactly one litre, because a cube measuring 10 cm on each side holds precisely that volume. This relationship is the foundation of the metric volume system and was deliberate: the litre was defined in 1795 as the volume of a cubic decimetre. The unit therefore appears constantly in chemistry, where concentration is expressed in moles per cubic decimetre, written mol/dm3. School and university chemistry courses use this notation routinely even though the same quantity could be written as moles per litre.
The square decimetre sees occasional use in specifying small areas, particularly in materials testing and in some European technical standards for coatings and surface treatment.
Outside these niches the decimetre appears mainly in teaching, where the full sequence of prefixes is demonstrated, and in tables of unit conversions. Some countries have used it historically for shoe sizing and for textile measurement.
Aquarium and tank capacities show the same relationship at work. A tank measuring five by three by four decimetres holds sixty cubic decimetres, which is sixty litres, and the arithmetic can be done without conversion factors. This is the practical advantage the metric system was designed to deliver, and the decimetre is the length at which volume in litres and length in whole units line up most neatly.
Scandinavia is the exception to its general neglect. Swedish, Norwegian and Danish speakers use the decimetre in ordinary conversation, giving the size of a fish, a shelf or a snowfall in decimetres where a French or German speaker would say tens of centimetres. Schools there teach it alongside the centimetre and the metre rather than skipping it, and rulers are marked accordingly. The habit is a reminder that which prefixes feel natural is a matter of custom rather than logic: the SI offers the whole ladder, and each language community has quietly settled on the rungs it finds comfortable.
One decimetre equals 10 centimetres, 100 millimetres, or 0.1 metres. It is approximately 3.937 inches, a little under four inches.