| Mebioctets (Mio) | Exbioctets (Eio) |
|---|---|
| 1 Mebioctet | 9.09494701773 × 10-13 Eio |
| 2 Mebioctets | 1.81898940355 × 10-12 Eio |
| 3 Mebioctets | 2.72848410532 × 10-12 Eio |
| 4 Mebioctets | 3.63797880709 × 10-12 Eio |
| 5 Mebioctets | 4.54747350886 × 10-12 Eio |
| 10 Mebioctets | 9.09494701773 × 10-12 Eio |
| 20 Mebioctets | 1.81898940355 × 10-11 Eio |
| 25 Mebioctets | 2.27373675443 × 10-11 Eio |
| 50 Mebioctets | 4.54747350886 × 10-11 Eio |
| 100 Mebioctets | 9.09494701773 × 10-11 Eio |
| Reference | Mebioctets (Mio) | Exbioctets (Eio) |
|---|---|---|
| A plain text message (160 characters) | 0.000152588 Mio | 1.38778 × 10-16 Eio |
| A three-minute MP3 | 2.86102 Mio | 2.60209 × 10-12 Eio |
| A smartphone photo | 3.8147 Mio | 3.46945 × 10-12 Eio |
| A high-definition film | 3814.7 Mio | 0.00000000346945 Eio |
| A dual-layer Blu-ray disc | 47683.7 Mio | 0.0000000433681 Eio |
The mebioctet is a unit of digital information equal to 1,048,576 octets, which is 1,024 kibioctets. Its symbol is Mio. It is the binary counterpart of the megaoctet, and the two differ by 4.9 per cent — the point at which a careful writer starts distinguishing them.
The unit's most visible home is the processor cache. The fast memory built into a processor to hold recently used data is sized in binary, and modern chips carry caches measured in mebioctets: a few hundred kibioctets at the second level and tens of mebioctets at the third. Those figures are exact powers of two because the cache is addressed by dividing an address into fixed bit fields.
Block sizes and buffers follow the same logic. Filesystems allocate in blocks, database engines read in pages, compression tools work in windows, and all of these are powers of two, most often a few mebioctets. A tool that offers a buffer of 16 megaoctets almost always means 16 mebioctets, because the underlying allocation is a shift rather than a multiplication.
The distinction has become visible to ordinary users through the discrepancy between what a download claims and what a file manager reports. A file described as 100 megaoctets on a website is often 100 mebioctets on disc, or the reverse, and the resulting 4.9 per cent difference is enough to make a progress bar look wrong without anything actually being wrong.
For scale, a mebioctet holds a million characters of unaccented text — roughly a long novel, or five hundred pages. It is also a single photograph from a modest camera, or eight seconds of high-definition video. The same unit therefore describes both a very large amount of text and a very small amount of video, which says a good deal about the relative cost of representing the two.
The IEC notation Mio is used in technical documentation, in the Linux kernel, in filesystem tools and in standards. It remains rare in consumer software, where MB is written for both quantities. When a figure matters, the safest habit is to compute in octets and convert once at the end.
One mebioctet equals 1,048,576 octets, 1,024 kibioctets, 8 mebibits, or about 1.049 megaoctets.
The exbioctet is a unit of digital information equal to two to the sixtieth power octets, which is 1,024 pebioctets. Its symbol is Eio. It is the binary counterpart of the exaoctet, and the two differ by 15.3 per cent.
One number involving this unit is quoted more than any other: sixteen exbioctets, the size of the address space a 64-bit processor can reach. Two to the sixty-fourth octets is 16 EiB, and that figure is the theoretical ceiling on the memory of every machine built on the architecture that has dominated computing since the mid-2000s.
The same limit reappears in filesystems. A filesystem that numbers its blocks with 64-bit values can address 16 exbioctets of blocks, and several modern designs state exactly that as their maximum volume size. Others state 8 exbioctets, having reserved one bit for a sign or a flag — a detail that halves the limit and is worth knowing when reading a specification.
Nothing approaches these sizes in practice. The largest storage systems in the world hold exaoctets, and the total of all data held by humanity is a few hundred zettaoctets, which is tens of thousands of exbioctets. The 64-bit ceiling was chosen precisely so that it would not be reached, and the transition from 32 bits, whose four-gibioctet limit was reached within a decade, is why the designers left so much room.
An exbioctet is 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bits and 128 pebioctets. It is a quantity that exists in specifications, in address arithmetic and in the design documents of large systems, and nowhere else. Describing it in terms of photographs or films is not useful, because no collection of either comes close.
The symbol Eio and its decimal sibling Eo differ by more than an eighth, which is far too much to leave to inference. When a document writes EB in the context of an address space, it almost certainly means EiB, because address spaces are powers of two by construction; when it writes EB about stored data, it almost certainly means the decimal unit.
One exbioctet equals 1,024 pebioctets, 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 octets, 8 exbibits, or about 1.153 exaoctets.